Stomata in some Clerodendrum species (Verbenaceae)

1. Clerodendrum aculeatum: 1. adaxial epidermis, 2. abaxial epidermis; 11-12 non- glandular trichome; 19, scale; 29,30 glandular trichomes. 2. Clerodendrum inerme: 3 adaxial epidermis, 4 abaxial epidermis; 13,14 non- glandular trichomes; 20 scale; 31, 32 glandular trichomes. 3. Clerodendrum philippinum: 5 adaxial epidermis, 6 abaxial epidermis; 15,16,17 non- glandular trichomes; 21, 22,23 scales; 33, 34 glandular trichomes. 4. Clerodendrum serratum: 7 adaxial epidermis, 8 abaxial epidermis; 18 non- glandular trichomes; 24 scales; 35 glandular trichomes. 5. Clerodendrum splendens: 9 adaxial epidermis, 10 abaxial epidermis; 25,26,27 scales; 36,37 glandular trichomes

 

Foliar epidermal studies in some Clerodendrum species (Verbenaceae)

by Bangar M. A., Padamwar S. B., Patil S. S., Dhembre A. B. (2011)

M.A. BANGAR, Department of Botany, Netaji Subhaschendra Bose College of Arts, Commerce and Science, NANDED (M.S.) INDIA

S.B. PADAMWAR, Department of Botany, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, College of Arts, Commerce and Science, NANDED (M.S.) INDIA

S.S. PATIL AND A.B. DHEMBRE, Department of Botany, Sharadchandra Mahavidhyalaya, Naigaon, NANDED (M.S.) INDIA

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in International Journal of Plant Sciences 6(2): 243-246 –

http://www.researchjournal.co.in/upload/assignments/6_243-246.pdf

SUMMARY

The five species of Clerodendrum have been investigated for epidermal structure. The walls of the epidermal cells are sinuous. The abaxial epidermis shows more sinuous nature in same species. The culticular striations are noted in C. inerme on lower epidermis. The leaves are hypostomatic but in C. philippinum is amphistomatic.

The stomata are present on both the surfaces. However, the stomatal number is less on the adaxial surface. The stomata are mostly anomocytic. Anisocytic, diacytic and tetracytic types also occur. The diacytic stomata are dominant in C. serratum.

Both glandular trichomes are sessile and occur in the form of scales. In C. aculeatum, variation is seen in the structure of scales.

Stomata in Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceae

 

Comparative anatomical studies of the stomatal patterns of some tree species of Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceae in Nigeria

by Ajuziogu G. C., Ejeagba P. O., Nwafor F. L., Ayogu V. O., Nweze A. E., Asuzu C. U., Egonu S. N. (2018)

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in Pakistan Journal of Botany 50(2) –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323662587_Comparative_anatomical_studies_of_the_stomatal_patterns_of_some_tree_species_of_sterculiaceae_and_verbenaceae_in_Nigeria

Abstract and figures

Leaf epidermal preparations of seven species within the Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceae were examined with light microscope to determine stomata patterns and other features of taxonomic importance.

Impression technique was conducted on freshly harvested leaves to reveal important foliar epidermal characters.

The stomata size, index and cell wall thickness were measured following standard procedures. Stomata were only seen in the abaxial surface of all the species, with four types observed; anomocytic, paracytic, diacytic and anisocytic. Anomocytic type was recorded for Duranta erecta, Tectonia grandis and Vitex doniana while Gmelina arborea had diacytic type.

Sterculiaceae species showed anomocytic in Cola gigantea, anisocytic in Theobroma cacao and paracytic in Cola rostrata.

Stomata sizes, numbers and epidermal cells varied across the families. Stomatal size, index and wall thickness varied greatly within the species. Variations and similarities observed in the stomatal features provide evidence of the genetic and evolutionary relationships and therefore are of taxonomic importance.

Stomata in Lantana, Verbena and Vitex (Verbenaceae)

Fig. 1. Light micrographs of leaves: (A)- macroshiars and glands of L. camara (adaxial surface 100 x), (B)- Stomata, macrohairs and glands of L. indica (adaxial surface 200 x), (C)- cacrohairs and glands of Ver. bonariensis (abaxial surface 200 x), (D)- Stomata and trichome of Ver. officinalis (adaxial surface 100 x), (E)- macrohairs, stomata and epidermal cells of Ver. bipinatifida (adaxial surface 200 x), (F)- macrohairs, stomata and glands of Ver. hybrida (adaxial surface 100 x), (G)- Glands of V. negundo (abaxial surface 200 x), (H)- microhairs and glands of V. trifolia (adaxial surface 200 x)

 

Leaf Epidermal Anatomy as an Aid to the Identification of Genera Lantana, Verbena and Vitex of Family Verbenaceae from Pakistan

by Munsif S., Khan M., Ahlad M., Zafar M., Shah G. M., Shaheen N. (2007)

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in Journ. Agric. & Soc. Sci. 1813-2235/2007/03-2-43-46 –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242234102_Leaf_Epidermal_Anatomy_as_an_Aid_to_the_Identification_of_Genera_Lantana_Verbena_and_Vitex_of_Family_Verbenaceae_from_Pakistan

ABSTRACT

Abaxial and adaxial leaf epidermal anatomy of eight species of Verbenaceae was studied based on leaf epidermal characters of Lantana camara, L. indnca, Verbena bonariensis, Ver. officinalis, Ver. bipinnatifida, Ver. hybrida, Vitex negundo and V. trifolia.

These species showed variations in stomata types and size, epidermal cell shape size and trichomes shape. Most of the characters especially trichomes were diagnostic and used for distinguishing taxa.

Trichomes were mostly macrohair but on adaxial surface of Ver. bonariensis and both the surfaces of V. negundo and abaxial surface of V. trifolia microhair were also observed. Macrohair (197 x 24 μm) were observed in Ver. hybrida and glandular hairs were also seen. Microhairs (12 x 12 μm) were noted in V. negundo.

Glandular hairs were observed in L. camara, Ver.bonariensis, V. negundo and V. trifolia. Trichomes were well segmented in Vitex spp. Trichomes of L. camara on abaxial surface had aggregates of 5 basal-cells, in L. indica there was just one basal, while in L. indica they were different from that of L. camara being broader at the base and swollen little bit before tip.

Leaf epidermal anatomy was found taxonomically useful in the identification at the generic and species level.

Stomata in Verbena

Figure 1  Leaf surface of Verbena native species of Buenos Aires province. A, Adaxial epidermis of V. bonariensis (SEM). B, Abaxial epidermis of V. bonariensis (SEM). C, Anomocytic stomatal apparatus, adaxial epidermis of V. bonariensis (SEM). D, Adaxial epidermis of V. bonariensis (SEM). E, Adaxial epidermis of V. montevidensis (LM). F, Vascularization, abaxial epidermis of V. rigida (LM). Abbreviations: g, glandular trichomes; LM, Light Microscopy; ng, nonglandular trichomes; s, stomata; SEM, scanning electron microscopy. Bars: A, B, F, 200 µm. C, D, E, 50 µm.

 

Stem and leaf anatomy of six species of Verbena native to Buenos Aires province, Argentina

by Rodríguez Morcelle M, Gattuso M. A., Apóstolo N. M. (2012)

M. Rodríguez Morcelle, M. A. Gattuso , N. M. Apóstolo,

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in New Zealand Journal of Botany 50( 1) – https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2011.616209 –

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0028825X.2011.616209

Abstract

 

There are 21 species of Verbena L. in Argentina, six of which are found in the Buenos Aires province: Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Verter; V. bonariensis L.; V. intermedia Gillies and Hook; V. litoralis Kunth; V. montevidensis Spreng. and V. rigida Spreng.

These species are used in popular medicine for their hepatoprotective, digestive, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal and healing properties. The stems and leaves of these species were fixed and transverse sections were cut for observation with a light microscope in order to differentiate their anatomical features.

Likewise a scanning electron microscope and an environmental scanning electron microscope were used to study the leaf surface of these species. The type and density of stomata and glandular and nonglandular trichomes were analysed in all species, as well as the internal structure of the leaf and stem.

The Verbena species of Buenos Aires province have been characterized using these features to help in their identification.

Stomata in Clerodendrum (Verbenaceae)

 

 

The leaf anatomy of two Clerodendrum species (Verbenaceae)

by Herman P. P. J. (1998)

P. P. J.Herman,

National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 Republic of South Africa

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in South African Journal of Botany 64(4): 246-249 – https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30888-7 –

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629915308887

The leaf anatomy of Clerodendrum triphyllum (Harv.) H.Pearson and C. louwalbertsii P.P.J.Herman is described.

The leaves are amphistomatic, with mostly diacytic but also anisocytic, anomocytic and a few paracytic stomata. In cross section the leaves of C. louwalbertsii are dorsiventral but in C. triphyllum the mesophyll is homogeneous.

The leaf surface of C. louwalbertsii is smooth, bulgy and undulate, whereas the surface of C. triphyllum is reticulate and less bulgy. Peltate hairs are scattered over both leaf surfaces of both species. The hairs have an 8-celled head, a unicellular stalk and a base cell which is sunken below the level of the epidermis.

Stomata in Craterosiphon and Synaptolepis (Thymelaeaceae)

 

 

Contribution to the study of stomata in Craterosiphon and Synaptolepis (Thymelaeaceae, tropical Africa)

by Robyns A., Colonval-Elenkov E., Malaisse F. (1983)

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in Bulletin van de Nationale Plantentuin van België – ISSN : 0303-9153 –

https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2042670871_E_Colonval-Elenkov

Abstract:

The authors report the existence of a cratershape disposition of the epidermal cells surrounding the stomata for two genera of the Thymelaeaceae family: Craterosiphon and Synaptolepis.

This therefore constitutes an anatomical-taxonomic character; the third genus belonging to the subtribe Dicranolepidinae, namely Dicranolepis, lacks this characteristic.

Stomata of Pyrenaria (Theaceae)

 

 

Stomatal apparatus of Pyrenaria (Theaceae) and its systematic significance

by Yang S. X., Liu A. Z., Peng H., Wu Z. Y. (2003)

Yang Shixiong ,

Liu Aizhong ,

Peng Hua ,

Wu Zhengyi ,

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in Guangxi Zhiwu 23(3): 250-252 – 

http://europepmc.org/abstract/cba/535412

Abstract

In order to verify the contradictory reports about the type of stomatal apparatus in Pyrenaria ,three species,which were sampled by Keng in 1962,were investigated again,using the leaf abaxial epidermises from the type specimens concerned.

Inconsistent with Keng’s result about the stomatal apparatus of Ranunculaceous Type, the present research reveals that all samples examined here are of the stomatal apparatus of Gordoniaceous Type,which further confirms the previous observations performed by Kvacek et Walther in 1984 and Yang et Min in 1995 based on other Pyrenaria species.

It may be concluded that the stomatal apparatus of Gordoniaceous Type is shared by Pyrenaria and its allied taxa such as Tutcheria and Parapyrenaria as well as all members in the subfamily Camellioideae,and regarded as a diagnostic feature to divide Camellioideae from Ternstroemioideae in which all members exhibit the coincident stomatal apparatus of Ranunculaceous Type as was reported by Keng in 1962.

The present study clear away the obstacles for the establishment of Pyrenaria in a broad sense, which has been and will be supported by the evidences from different disciplines provided by the present authors and other scholars.

Stomata in Camellia (Theaceae)

Figures 15–20. The characters of the abaxial epidermis under the light microscope. Fig. 15. C. xifongensis: non-clustered stomata and abortive stomata (arrow). Fig. 16. C. brachygyna: single-distributed stomata. Figs 17, 18. Showing stomatal clusters: 2–4 stomata arranged adjacently. Fig. 17. C. bambusifolia: stomatal clusters with two stomata arranged adjacently. Fig. 18. C. delicate: showing stomatal clusters (arrow) and hairs. Fig. 19. C. phellocapsa: showing anisocytic stomata (arrowhead) and stomatal cluster (arrow). Fig. 20. C. compressa: showing cork wart (arrow). Scale bar, 50 mm.

 

Leaf morphology and anatomy of Camellia section Camellia (Theaceae)

by Pi E., Peng Q., Lu H., Shen J., Du Y., Huang F., Hu H. (2009)

PI ERXU, PENG QIUFA, LU HONGFEI, SHEN JINGBO, DU YUEQIANG, HUANG FEILAI, HU HUI,

 

in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159: 456–476 – https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00952.x –

https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/159/3/456/2418374

Figures 29–32. Characters of transverse section view. Fig. 29. C. boreali-yunnanica: showing common stomata in transverse view. Guard cells lying on a single subsidiary cell (white arrow). Fig. 30. C. brevipetiolata: Showing especial stomata with guard cells lying on two superposed subsidiary cells. Fig. 31. C. villosa: showing hairs’ transection view. Fig. 32. C. oligophlebia: showing cork wart’s transverse section view. Scale bar, 50 mm.

Abstract

The delimitations of species in Camellia section Camellia have been disputed for many years, resulting from uncertain relationships among species.Leaf morphological and anatomical characters for 54 species and three varieties in this section were investigated to reveal the relationships.

Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using the transformed data for quantitative and qualitative characters from leaf morphology and anatomy.

Combining the results of statistical analysis with comparative leaf characters of morphology and anatomy, we discussed the taxonomic treatment of section Camellia by Chang compared with that of Ming and we conclude that section Camellia consists of c. 50 species.

Development of D-type stomata

 

 

Development of D-type stomata in the leaves of Ilex crenata var. convexa

by Korn R. W., Fredrick G. W. (1973)

Robert W. Korn, G. W. Fredrick,

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in Ann. Bot. Lond. 37(3): 647-656 – DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084731 –

https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-abstract/37/3/647/151284?redirectedFrom=PDF

Abstract

Small black or brown scars are scattered over the lower epidermis of the mature leaf of Ilex crenata var. convexa that are interpreted as wound responses to the deterioration of large stomata. These stomata are few in number, large, arise early during development, and are short-lived compared to typical leaf stomata. Such developmental, or d-type, stomata are arranged in an ordered pattern over the leaf surface as demonstrated by nearest neighbour and quadrat analyses.Computer models of several possible modes of origin of d-stomata were tested for their similarity of quantitative features of spatial distribution to that for actual material. The one model that gave acceptable results in all tests was one in which each newly formed d-stomate produces a zone of inhibition that prevents additional d-stomata from forming during subsequent growth. The usefulness of quantitative descriptions and computer modelling of patterns in plant morphology is discussed.

Stomata in Solanaceae in Nigeria

Fig 4: Stomatal types in Solanaceae. 4a to 4b: Anomcytic; 4c: contiguous cells; 4d to 4e: anisocytic; 4f: anomocytic; 4g: paracytic stoma. Paracytic stomata observed in stem epidermis but not as common as anomocytic and anisocytic stomata.

 

Morphological Characters, Occurrence and Distribution among Members of the Family Solanaceae in Parts of the Niger Delta Ecological Zone

by Wahua C., Edwin-Wosu N. L. (2016)

*1 WAHUA, C; EDWIN-WOSU, NL

Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology,
University of Port Harcourt, Choba,
P.M.B.5323, Nigeria.

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in J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 20 (3): 583-590 –

147051-388222-1-SM.pdf

ABSTRACT:

This study investigated a comparative micro-morphological features of 14 species in the family Solanaceae, using trichome and stomatal complements in delimitation of species and genera within the taxon, family. The genus Solanum L. is the largest among the genera in Solanaceae. Solanum aethiopicum Linn. Solanum macrocarpon Linn. Solanum torvum Swartz. Solanum anomalum Thonn. Solanum erianthum D. Don, are covered with stellate trichomes. While Solanum nigrum Linn., Solanum lycopersicum Linn., Solanum incanum Linn., Datura spp., Schwenckia spp., Capsicum spp., Physalis spp. have simple uniseriate trichomes. S. aethiopicum Linn. S. torvum Swartz. S. lycopersicum Linn, and Physalis micrantha Linn, revealed higher trichome indices. In most species, these trichomes are not visibly observed with the naked eyes. While in some others such as in S. torvum and S. lycopersicum the trichomes are observable on the plants. Glandular hairs are also present in Solanaceae. Stomata is amphistomatic, types commonly observed are: anisocytic and anomocytic, while paracytic and tetracytic stomata are sometimes revealed in stem epidermis in Solanaceae. The usefulness of trichome and stomatal complements in species and generic taxa are recommended as pertinent characters for classification in Solanaceae and their density may vary from one ecological zone to another.