Tag: Muhammad Zafar

Foliar micromorphology of Convolvulaceous species : variations were observed in stomatal number, size, stomatal guard cells shape, epidermal cell number, stomatal subsidiary cells, and trichomes

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旋花科植物的叶片微形态学：观察到气孔数量、大小、气孔保卫细胞形状、表皮细胞数量、气孔辅助细胞和毛状物的变异。

Micromorfologia foliar das espécies de Convolvulaceae: foram observadas variações no número de estômatos, tamanho, forma das células-guarda estomáticas, número de células epidérmicas, células subsidiárias dos estômatos e tricomas.

Micromorfología foliar de especies de Convolvulaceae: se observaron variaciones en el número de estomas, tamaño, forma de las células de protección estomática, número de células epidérmicas, células subsidiarias de los estomas y tricomas.

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Foliar micromorphology of Convolvulaceous species with special emphasis on trichome diversity from the arid zone of Pakistan

Asfaq S., Ahmad M., Zafar M., Sultana S., Bahadur S., Ullah F., Zaman W., Ahmed S. N., Nazish M. (2019)

Shomaila Ashfaq, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Shazia Sultana, Saraj Bahadur, Fazal Ullah, Wajid Zaman, Sidra Nisar Ahmed, Mona Nazish,

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Flora – Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants 255: 110-124 – DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2019.04.007 –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332571617_Foliar_micromorphology_of_Convolvulaceous_species_with_special_emphasis_on_trichome_diversity_from_the_arid_zone_of_Pakistan

Abstract

In present study, 18 plant species belonging to 7 genera of the family Convolvulaceae has been investigated by using the light microscope for foliar epidermal anatomy. Despite the medicinal importance of family Convolvulaceae, there is no evidence regarding the secretory structure and their effect of environmental conditions on their density is unknown. The aim of the study was to describe the morphology of these secretory structures and to estimate the hypothesis that glandular trichomes density decreases with increased aridity.

Foliar micromorphology of Convolvulaceous taxa, gathered from arid parts of Northern Punjab Pakistan, was first time conducted with an aim to utilize this information as an aid in plant taxonomy. Significant diversity was observed in both qualitative and quantitative characteristics using light microscopy. Variations were observed in stomatal number, size, guard cells shape, epidermal cell number, subsidiary cells, and trichomes. Unique ornamentation was observed in trichomes diversity. A taxonomic key was prepared for the identification of species. The main goal of this study was to describe the morphology of glandular trichomes and to estimate the hypothesis that glandular trichomes density decreases with increased aridity. Based on these findings, Light microscopy of foliar epidermal features can be of special interest for taxonomists in the identification of complex taxa. Studied taxa were also separated from each other by using Cluster Analysis (MVSP ver.3.22). Statistical analysis by using the Software XLSTAT exhibited that some anatomical features are the main characteristics in the identification of the taxa. Principal component analyses (PCA) used as a statistical tool for data analyses that show the importance of these characteristics for the characterization and identification of the family Convolvulaceae in an arid land. The study shows many novel characters that provide baseline information about trichome diversity in relation to aridity for future taxonomist.

The micromorphological attributes under observation, e.g. stomata, provide a standard criterion to the researcher for identifications of invasive flora in future morpho-taxonomic studies

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观察中的微观形态特征，例如气孔，为研究人员在未来形态分类研究中鉴定入侵植物提供了一个标准准则。

Os atributos micromorfológicos sob observação, como estômatos, fornecem um critério padrão ao pesquisador para a identificação da flora invasora em futuros estudos morfo-taxonômicos.

Los atributos micromorfológicos bajo observación, como los estomas, proporcionan un criterio estándar al investigador para la identificación de la flora invasora en futuros estudios morfo-taxonómicos.

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Micromorphological Sculptural Diversity in Foliar Epidermis and Trichomes Features among Invasive Species

Manzoor R., Zafar M., Yaqoob T., Ahmad M., Fawzy Ramadan M., Althobaiti A. T., Demirpolat A., Çobanoğlu D. N., Sultana S., Makhkamov T., Mamarakhimov O., Yuldashev A., Khakimova D., Nizomova M.,  Ochilov U., Majeed S. (2023)

Ribaha Manzoor, Muhammad Zafar, Tayyaba Yaqoob, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Ashwaq T Althobaiti, Azize Demirpolat, Duygu Nur Çobanoğlu, Shazia Sultana, Trobjon Makhkamov, Oybek Mamarakhimov, Akramjon Yuldashev, Dilabza Khakimova, Maxsuda Nizomova, Ulugbek Ochilov, Salman Majeed,

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Microscopy and Microanalysis, ozad063, https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad063 –

https://academic.oup.com/mam/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/micmic/ozad063/7220572?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Abstract

This study examines the role of light microscopic (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micromorphological traits of the epidermis in identifying and classifying invasive plants. SEM was conducted to increase our understanding of microscopic qualities that are not visible in light microscopy and to elucidate unclear affinities among invasive species. The study examines invasive species’ morphological and anatomical characteristics from the Pothohar Plateau of Pakistan for the first time. The results showed that various micromorphological features are very useful for species’ accurate identification. Adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves showed variations in subsidiary cells, glands, anticlinal wall patterns, stomata, and epidermal cells. Epidermal cell shapes observed were irregular, elongated, rectangular, and polygonal. Epidermal cells having maximum length were calculated in Stellaria media (126.3 μm) on adaxial side. On the abaxial surface, the minimum length was noticed in Eucalyptus camaldulensis (28.5 μm). Both glandular and nonglandular trichomes were examined, ranging from unicellular to multicellular. Most of the investigated specimens of leaves were amphistomatic, while some were hypostomatic, like Alternanthera pungens, Calotropis procera, Cannabis sativa, Lantana camara, and Thevetia peruviana. Leaf epidermal morphology contains numerous useful systematic features for accurate identifications of plant species. The micromorphological attributes under observation provide a standard criterion to the researcher for identifications of invasive flora in future morpho-taxonomic studies.

Detailed foliar epidermal anatomy of some selected wild edible fruits (WEFs) from Pakistan (average number of stomata, length and width of stomata and pore, …)

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巴基斯坦一些选择的野生可食用水果（WEFs）的叶片表皮解剖细节（气孔的平均数量、气孔和孔的长度和宽度等）

Anatomia detalhada da epiderme foliar de algumas frutas selvagens comestíveis selecionadas (WEFs) do Paquistão (número médio de estômatos, comprimento e largura dos estômatos e poros, …)

Anatomía detallada de la epidermis foliar de algunas frutas silvestres comestibles seleccionadas (WEFs) de Pakistán (número promedio de estomas, longitud y ancho de estomas y poros, …)

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Foliar epidermal anatomy of some selected wild edible fruits of Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Sadia H., Zafar M., Ahmad M., Lubna, Khan M. P. Z., Yaseen G., Ali M. I., Sultana S., Kilic O., Şahan Z., Alam N., Abbas Q., Ghani A., Naz S. (2020)

Haleema Sadia, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Lubna, Muhammad P. Z. Khan, Ghulam Yaseen, Muhammad I. Ali, Shazia Sultana, Omer Kilic, Zeynep Şahan, Naveed Alam, Qamar Abbas, Abdul Ghani, Saeeda Naz ,

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Microscopy Research and Technique 83(3): 259-267 – https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23409 –

https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jemt.23409

Abstract

The present study is focused on the detailed foliar epidermal anatomy of some selected wild edible fruits (WEFs) from Pakistan using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied species are Ficus racemosa L., Solanum nigrum L., Capparis spinosa L., Physalis divaricata D.Don, Rosa moschata Herrm. and Ribes orientale Desf. collected from various localities of Pakistan. The objective of the present study is to investigate qualitative and quantitative anatomical characters for the identification and differentiation of collected wild edible fruits. The characters studied are shape and size of epidermal cells, anticlinal wall pattern, trichome type and shape, average number of stomata, length and width of stomata and pore. The detailed microscopic investigation and variations in the characters recorded have a key role in the determination and authentication of wild edible fruits. This study possesses great potential for plant taxonomists to further evaluate the species at molecular and genetic levels.

Diacytic, paracytic and cyclocytic stomata in Acanthaceae

Comparative foliar anatomical and pollen morphological studies of Acanthaceae using light microscope and scanning electron microscope for effective microteaching in community

Raza J., Ahmad M., Zafar M., Athar M., Sultana S., Majeed S., Yaseen G., Imran M., Nazish M., Hussain A. (2020)

Jamil Raza, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Mohammad Athar, Shazia Sultana, Salman Majeed, Ghulam Yaseen, Muhammad Imran, Moona Nazish, Amir Hussain,

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Microscopy Research and Technique  (IF2.769) – DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23502 –

https://en.x-mol.com/paper/article/1281351845888573440


In this study, foliar anatomy and pollen morphology of 10 species of Acanthaceae has been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The study was aimed to highlight the role of microscopy in microteaching at community for proper characterization of plants using palyno‐anatomical characters including pollen type, exine sculpturing, shape of epidermal cells, pattern of anticlinal wall, type and size of stomata, and trichome.

Most of the species have polygonal cell shapes but some species have irregular, tetragonal, and pentagonal shape of epidermal cells. The largest epidermal cell length on adaxial and abaxial surface were observed in Asystasia gangetica 66.95 and 87.40 μm whereas least was observed on adaxial surface in Justicia adhatoda 36.9 μm and on abaxial surface in Barleria cristata 35.65 μm.

In anatomy, species have diacytic type of stomata, whereas stomata of paracytic type observed in two species, while in A. gangetica cyclocytic type of stomata are present. Quantitively on abaxial surface, largest stomata length 29.9 μm and width 24.30 μm was noted in B. cristata. While shortest stomata length was observed in Ruellia prostrata 25.95 μm whereas minimum width of stomata was examined in Barleria acanthoides 2.05 μm.

The diversity of trichomes are present in all species except in Ruellia brittoniana. Acanthaceae can be characterized by exhibiting different pollen morphology having five types of pollen shapes, prolate, spheroidal, perprolate, subprolate, and oblate spheroidal. Exine peculiarities showing variations such as reticulate, granulate, coarsely reticulate, lophoreticulate, perforate tectate, and granulate surface were examined.

Stomata in Lamiaceae

Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal morphology in Lamiaceae from Pakistan

Gul S., Ahmad M., Zafar M., Bahadur S., Celep F., Sultana S., Begum N., Hanif U., Zaman W., Shuaib M., Ayaz A. (2019)

Saba Gul, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Saraj Bahadur, Ferhat Celep, Shazia Sultana, Najla Begum, Uzma Hanif, Wajid Zaman, Muhammad Shuaib, Asma Ayaz,

Microscopy Research and Technique 82(9): 1507-1528 – https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23316 –

https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.23316 –

Abstract

Foliar micromorphological features are useful to elucidate the taxonomy and systematics of the Lamiaceae species. Leaf epidermal morphology using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of 22 Lamiaceae species from 15 genera have been investigated with an aim to solve its taxonomic problem in the correct identification. Various foliar micromorphological features were observed to explain their importance in resolving the correct identification of Lamiaceae taxa.

Two main types of trichomes were observed; glandular trichomes (GTs) and nonglandular trichomes (NGTs). GTs were further divided into seven subtypes including the capitate, subsessile capitate, sessile capitate, sunken, barrel, peltate, and clavate. Similarly, NGTs were also divided into simple unicellular and multicellular including conical, falcate, cylindrical, dendrite, papillose, and short hook shape.

Quantitative measurement includes the length and width of the trichomes, stomatal complex, epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes index. Based on the foliar micromorphological characters, a taxonomic key was developed to delimit and correctly identify studied taxa. Further molecular, other anatomical and phylogenetic studies are recommended to strengthen the systematics of Lamiaceae.

Stomata in Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae)-

Fig. 7.
 Light micrographs of anticlinal wall, shape of epidermal cell, stomata and stomatal pore of 
 Arenaria festucoides
 (A) Adaxial (B) Abaxial
 Arenaria leptoclados
 (C) Adaxial (D) Abaxial
Cerastium fontanum
 (E) Abaxial (F) Adaxial
 Lepyrodiclis holosteoides
 (G) Adaxial (H) Abaxial

Taxonomic implications of foliar epidermal characteristics in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae)

by Ullah F., ZafarM., Amhad M.,Sultana S., Ullah A., Shah S. N., Butt M. A., Mir S. (2018)

Fazal Ullaha,⁎, Muhammad Zafara, Mushtaq Amhada, Shazia Sultanaa, Asad Ullahb, Syed Nasar Shaha, Maryam Akram Butta, Sehrosh Mira

a Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

b Center of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

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In Flora 242: 31-44 –

https://www.academia.edu/37019996/Taxonomic_implications_of_foliar_epidermal_characteristics_in_subfamily_Alsinoideae_Caryophyllaceae?email_work_card=view-paper


 Light micrographs of anticlinal wall, shape of epidermal cell, stomata and stomatal
 Minuartia hybrida
 (A) Adaxial (B) Abaxial
 Minuartia picta
 (C) Adaxial (D) Abaxial
 Stellaria media
(E)
 Arenaria orbiculata
 (F) Adaxial (G) Abaxial
 Cerastium pusillum
 (H) Adaxial.

Abstract

This paper is the first report on the foliar epidermal anatomy of 18 species of subfamily Alsinoideae(Caryophyllaceae) using light microscopy (LM). The studied species occur in different ecoclimatic zones of Pakistan ranges from tropical, subtropical and moist habitats.

Members of Alsinoideae contain taxonomically complex genera, including Arenaria, Cerastium, Minuartia, Sagina and Stellaria.

Leaf micromorphological characters described here are related to shape of epidermal cells, anticlinal wall pattern, stomatal complex, subsidiary cells and trichomes. In addition to this number of quantitative measurement were taken about the size of epidermal cells, stomata size, subsidiary cell size, and trichomes.

Nearly most of the studied species have diacytic stomata but some species have paracytic, anomocytic and anisocytic stomatal type. Most of the studied species have irregular epidermal cells, but some species have tetragonal, wavy, elongated and polygonal cell shapes. Foliar epidermal anatomy of Alsinoideae recommends their application as baseline data coupled with taxonomic data extracted through multiple approaches can be used as an aid in delimitation and differentiation of closely related taxa in order to achieve the best use of anatomical features. An identification taxonomic key using micromorphological characters is provided to distinguish species and genera.

Stomata and foliar epidermal anatomy as an aid to the identification of grasses

Foliar epidermal anatomy as an aid to the identification of grasses in tribe Aveneae (subfamily Pooideae, Poaceae) from salt range of Pakistan

by Ahmad F., Khan M. A., Ahmad M., Arshad M., Zafar M., Khan A., Raja N. I., ur Rehman Z. (2011)

Farooq Ahmad1*, Mir Ajab Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zafar2, Ameer Khan3, Naveed Iqbal Raja2, Zia ur Rehman1

1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

2 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.

3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.

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In Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(1): 81-87 – ISSN 1996-0875 –

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zia_Ur_Rehman_Mashwani/publication/261633937_Foliar_epidermal_anatomy_as_an_aid_to_the_identification_of_grasses_in_tribe_Aveneae_subfamily_Pooideae_Poaceae_from_salt_range_of_Pakistan/links/0deec534d8c35490bc000000/Foliar-epidermal-anatomy-as-an-aid-to-the-identification-of-grasses-in-tribe-Aveneae-subfamily-Pooideae-Poaceae-from-salt-range-of-Pakistan.pdf

Abstract

In the present studies foliar epidermal anatomy regarding 7 species belonging to 5 genera of tribe Aveneae (Poaceae) was carried out.

The studies revealed that different leaf anatomical characters, such as presence or absence of rounded short cells, length of long cells, size of stomatal complex and shape of silica bodies, are helpful in the identification of different species and genera within the tribe.

Large cells with maximum length and largest stomatal complex are found in Avena sp. In genus Agrostis, Phalaris and Koeleria variations exist in the morphology of silica bodies.

The studies revealed that diversity in different anatomical characters present within the species and genera is a valuable tool for the differentiation and correct identification of species in tribe Aveneae.

Stomata in identification and differentiation of grasses

Role of leaf epidermis in identification and differentiation of grasses in tribe Chlorideae (Poaceae) from Pakistan

Ahmad F., Hameed M., Ashraf M., Ahmad M., Khan A., Nawaz T., Ahmad K. S., Zafar M. (2012))

Farooq Ahmad1*, Mansoor Hameed1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Ameer Khan3, Tahira Nawaz1, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad1 and Muhammad Zafar2

1 Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

2 Department of Plant sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad,Pakistan.

3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

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In Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6(10: 1955-1960 – Doi: 10.5897/JMPR11.1654 –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299397272_Role_of_leaf_epidermis_in_identification_and_differentiation_of_grasses_in_tribe_Chlorideae_Poaceae_from_Pakistan

Abstract

Stomata in some euphorbiaceous species

Fig. 9. Characteristics of adaxial foliar epidermal anatomy of Euphorbia: A- Glandular trichome of E. hirta (20x), B- Non- glandular
trichomes of E. pulcherrima (10x), C- Stomata and epidermal cells of E. royleana (40x), D- Epidermal cell shape and stomata of E.
granulata (40x), E- Epidermal cell shape of E. splendens (10x), F- Epidermal cell shape and stomata of E. prostrata (40x), G- Stomata
of E. hamiltonii (40x), H- stomata and epidermal cells of E. peplus (40x).

Systematic Significance of Anatomical Characterization in Some Euphorbiaceous Species

by Zahra N. B., Ahmad M., Shinwari Z. K., Zafar M., Sultana S. (2014)

NADIA BATOO ZAHRA, MUSHTAQ AHMAD, ZABTA KHAN SHINWARI, MUHAMMAD ZAFAR, SHAZIA SULTANA,

Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

In Pak. J. Bot. 46(5): 1653-1661 – ISSN 0556-3321 –

https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/46(5)/14.pdf

Fig. 10. Characteristics of abaxial foliar epidermal anatomy of Euphorbia: A- Glandular trichome of E. hirta (20x), B- Non- glandular
trichomes of E. pulcherrima (20x), C- Stomata and epidermal cells of E. royleana (20x), D- Epidermal cell shape and stomata of E.
granulata (40x), E- Epidermal cell shape and stomata of E. splendens (20x), F- Epidermal cell shape, stomata and non- glandular
trichome of E. prostrata (20x), G- Epidermal cells of E. hamiltonii (20x), H- Epidermal cells of E. peplus (40x).

Abstract

The study was aimed to explore the systematic potential of anatomical characters for identification and delimitation among Euphorbia species. Eight species of leafy spurges of genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated for variations in micro morphological characters of foliar epidermal anatomy.

While anatomical observations are of importance in the assessments and appraisals, use of these characters as an effective tool in interpreting phyletic evaluations and systematic delineations has its limitations too. The epidermal cell wall in majority of species was wavy to undulate on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces.

The observations made in this study indicate that there is not a single type of stomata which appears as characteristic of the genus Euphorbia. Also their distribution whether epistomatic or hypostomatic is not a genus characteristic.

The trichomes found were simple, unicellular or multicellular, uniseriate. Present investigation revealed the utility of both qualitative and quantitative characters in systematic studies; also the potential influence in the delimitation of species cannot be ignored.

Our results show that the micro-morphology of anatomical characters play an important role in definition of taxa at species and sectional levels.

Stomata in resurrection ferns

Fig. 2. Light micrograph of foliar anatomical features of desiccation tolerant species of ferns A. Asplenium ceterach B-C Asplenium dalhousiae D-E Cheilanthes nitidula F. Cheilanthes bicolor. A-C-E = Abaxial surface contain stomata. B-D-E = Adaxial surface lack stomata.

Leaf micromorphological adaptations of resurrection ferns in Northern Pakistan

Shah S. N., Ahmad M., Zafar M., Ullah F., Zaman W., Mazumdar J., Khuram I., Khan S. M.  (2019)

In Flora – Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants – DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2019.03.018 –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332160686_Leaf_micromorphological_adaptations_of_resurrection_ferns_in_Northern_Pakistan

Fig. 3. SEM images of anatomical features of resurrection ferns A-B. Asplenium ceterach C-D. Asplenium dalhousiae E-F Cheilanthes acrostica G. Cheilanthes bicolor H. Cheilanthes nitidula A-C-E-H = Adaxial surface lack stomata. D-F-G = Abaxial surface contain stomata.

Abstract

The resurrection plant species, termed desiccation-tolerant plants have evolved remarkable ability to withstand extreme dehydration and rapid rehydration of vegetative tissue without damage.

Pteridophytes include almost 70 desiccation tolerant species, and there is limited information of vegetative desiccation tolerance in ferns. A field examination of the representatives of the ferns flora of the Northern Pakistan disclosed 5 ferns species belonging to 2 genera with foliage which can revive after dehydration. These species are Asplenium dalhousiae, Asplenium ceterach, Cheilanthes acrostica, Cheilanthes bicolor, and Cheilanthes nitidula.

We undertook a comprehensive leaf micromorphological investigation in all the five resurrection fern species. The study were accomplished using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The detailed investigation of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces revealed species specific variation in the size and number of epidermal cells, size of stomata, and stomatal pore, stomatal density, and stomatal index and other foliar micromorphological features.

In all studied species, adaxial surface lack stomata, i.e., all species are hypostomatic, stomata is polocytic, and epidermal cells shape in all species on both surface is similar, and are irregular shaped.

The quantified leaf micromorphological traits are discussed in order to detect their possible role in the desiccation tolerance of resurrection fern species.