Tag: Marion Diekmann

CBL/CIPK complexes are potential regulators of stomatal aperture through S-type anion channels

 

 

Site- and kinase-specific phosphorylation-mediated activation of SLAC1, a guard cell anion channel stimulated by abscisic acid.

by Maierhofer T., Diekmann M., Offenborn J. N., Lind C., Bauer H., Hashimoto K., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Luan S., Kudla J., Geiger D.,  Rainer Hedrich R. (2014)

  1. Tobias Maierhofer1,
  2. Marion Diekmann1,
  3. Jan Niklas Offenborn2,
  4. Christof Lind1,
  5. Hubert Bauer1,
  6. Kenji Hashimoto2,*,
  7. Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid3,
  8. Sheng Luan4,
  9. Jörg Kudla2,5,
  10. Dietmar Geiger1,†, and
  11. Rainer Hedrich1,5

  1. 1Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.

  2. 2Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany.

  3. 3Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

  4. 4Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

  5. 5King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

===

in Sci. Signal. 7:ra86. – doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2005703 –

http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/7/342/ra86

Abstract

Under drought stress, abscisic acid (ABA) triggers closure of leaf cell pores called stomata, which are formed by two specialized cells called guard cells in plant epidermis.

Two pathways downstream of ABA stimulate phosphorylation of the S-type anion channels SLAC1 (slow anion channel associated 1) and SLAH3 (SLAC1 homolog 3), which causes these channels to open, reducing guard cell volume and triggering stomatal closure.

One branch involves OST1 (open stomata 1), a calcium-independent SnRK2-type kinase, and the other branch involves calcium-dependent protein kinases of the CPK (calcium-dependent protein kinase) family.

We used coexpression analyses in Xenopus oocytes to show that the calcineurin B–like (CBL) calcium sensors CBL1 and CBL9 and their interacting protein kinase CIPK23 also triggered SLAC1 and SLAH3 opening.

We analyzed whether regulation of SLAC1 opening by these different families of kinases involved the same or different sites on SLAC1 by measuring channel conductance of SLAC1 with mutations in the putative phosphorylation sites in the amino or carboxyl termini coexpressed with specific kinases in Xenopus oocytes.

SLAC1 mutants lacking the OST1-phosphorylated site were still activated by CPK or by CBL/CIPK complexes. Phosphorylation and activation of SLAC1 by any of the kinases were inhibited by the phosphatase ABI1 (ABA insensitive 1), which is inactivated in response to ABA signaling.

These findings identified CBL/CIPK complexes as potential regulators of stomatal aperture through S-type anion channels and indicated that phosphorylation at distinct sites enables SLAC1 activation by both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways downstream of ABA.

CBL/CIPK complexes as potential regulators of stomatal aperture

 

Site- and kinase-specific phosphorylation-mediated activation of SLAC1, a guard cell anion channel stimulated by abscisic acid.

by Maierhofer T., Diekmann M., Offenborn J. N., Lind C., Bauer H., Hashimoto K., S Al-Rasheid K. A., Luan S., Kudla J., Geiger D., Hedrich R. (2014)

  1. Tobias Maierhofer
  2. Marion Diekmann
  3. Jan Niklas Offenborn
  4. Christof Lind
  5. Hubert Bauer
  6. Kenji Hashimoto
  7. Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid
  8. Sheng Luan
  9. Jörg Kudla
  10. Dietmar Geiger
  11. Rainer Hedrich

in Sci Signal. 2014 Sep 9;7(342):ra86. – doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2005703. –

PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar – 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205850

Abstract

Under drought stress, abscisic acid (ABA) triggers closure of leaf cell pores called stomata, which are formed by two specialized cells called guard cells in plant epidermis.

Two pathways downstream of ABA stimulate phosphorylation of the S-type anion channels SLAC1 (slow anion channel associated 1) and SLAH3 (SLAC1 homolog 3), which causes these channels to open, reducing guard cell volume and triggering stomatal closure.

One branch involves OST1 (open stomata 1), a calcium-independent SnRK2-type kinase, and the other branch involves calcium-dependent protein kinases of the CPK (calcium-dependent protein kinase) family.

We used coexpression analyses in Xenopus oocytes to show that the calcineurin B-like (CBL) calcium sensors CBL1 and CBL9 and their interacting protein kinase CIPK23 also triggered SLAC1 and SLAH3 opening.

We analyzed whether regulation of SLAC1 opening by these different families of kinases involved the same or different sites on SLAC1 by measuring channel conductance of SLAC1 with mutations in the putative phosphorylation sites in the amino or carboxyl termini coexpressed with specific kinases in Xenopus oocytes.

SLAC1 mutants lacking the OST1-phosphorylated site were still activated by CPK or by CBL/CIPK complexes. Phosphorylation and activation of SLAC1 by any of the kinases were inhibited by the phosphatase ABI1 (ABA insensitive 1), which is inactivated in response to ABA signaling.

These findings identified CBL/CIPK complexes as potential regulators of stomatal aperture through S-type anion channels and indicated that phosphorylation at distinct sites enables SLAC1 activation by both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways downstream of ABA.