Photo credit: Google
Chenopodium quinoa
by Jacobsen S.-E.., Liu F., Jensen C. R. (2009)
Jacobsen Sven-Erik, Liu Fulai, Jensen Christian Richardt,
in Scientia Horticulturae 122(2): 281-287 – DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.05.019 –
http://static-curis.ku.dk/portal/files/15292895/Jacobsen_SE.pdf
NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
in Environ Pollut. 173: 85-96. – doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.026
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202637
Abstract
The effect of ozone (O(3)) on stomatal regulation was studied in three Euramerican poplar genotypes (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra: Carpaccio, Cima and Robusta).
The impact of O(3) on stomatal conductance responses to variations in blue light, red light, CO(2) concentration and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was studied.
Upon O(3) exposure, a sluggish response of stomatal movements was observed, characterized by slower reactions to increases in blue light intensity, CO(2) concentration and VPD, and lower amplitude of the response to variations in light intensity.
That sluggish response should be taken into account in stomatal conductance models for phytotoxic ozone dose (POD(Y)) calculations. The speed of the response to variations in environmental parameters appears as a determining factor of genotype-related sensitivity.
by Dumont J., Cohen D., Gerard J., Jolivet Y., Dizengremel P., Le Thiec D., (2014)
in Plant, Cell & Environment 37(9): 2064-2076. – DOI: 10.1111/pce.12293
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24506578
Abstract
Ozone induces stomatal sluggishness, which impacts photosynthesis and transpiration. Stomatal responses to variation of environmental parameters are slowed and reduced by ozone and may be linked to difference of ozone sensitivity.
Here we determine the ozone effects on stomatal conductance of each leaf surface. Potential causes of this sluggish movement, such as ultrastructural or ionic fluxes modification, were studied independently on both leaf surfaces of three Euramerican poplar genotypes differing in ozone sensitivity and in stomatal behaviour.
The element contents in guard cells were linked to the gene expression of ion channels and transporters involved in stomatal movements, directly in microdissected stomata.
In response to ozone, we found a decrease in the stomatal conductance of the leaf adaxial surface correlated with high calcium content in guard cells compared with a slight decrease on the abaxial surface.
No ultrastructural modifications of stomata were shown except an increase in the number of mitochondria. The expression of vacuolar H+/Ca2+-antiports (CAX1 and CAX3 homologs), β-carbonic anhydrases (βCA1 and βCA4) and proton H+-ATPase (AHA11) genes was strongly decreased under ozone treatment.
The sensitive genotype characterized by constitutive slow stomatal response was also characterized by constitutive low expression of genes encoding vacuolar H+/Ca2+-antiports.
by Johnson D. M., McCulloh K. A., Meinzer F. C., Woodruff D. R., Eissenstat D. M.,(2011)
D. M.Johnson 1,5, K. A. McCulloh 2, F. C. Meinzer 3, D. R. Woodruff 3, D. M. Eissenstat 4
1 Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA;
2 Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University. Corvaliis, OR 97331 ,USA;
3 USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
4 Department of Horticulture. Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
in Tree Physiol. 2011 Jun;31(6): 659-668. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpr050. – Epub 2011 Jun 30. – PMID: 21724585 –
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39940
Abstract
Photo credit: Google
Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine)
Grulke N. E., Alonso R., Nguyen T., Cascio C., Dobrowolski W. (2004)
in Tree Physiology. 24(9): 1001-1010 – https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.9.1001
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53846
Description
Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. exLaws.) is widely distributed in the western USA. We report the lack of stomatal closure at night in early summer for ponderosa pine at two of three sites investigated.
Trees at a third site with lower nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid exposure, but greater drought stress, had slightly open stomata at night in early summer but closed stomata at night for the rest of the summer.
The three sites had similar background ozone exposure during the summer of measurement (2001). Nighttime stomatal conductance (gs) ranged from one tenth to one fifth that of maximum daytime values.
In general, pole-sized trees (< 40 years old) had greater nighttime gs than mature trees (> 250 years old). In late summer, nighttime gs was low (< 3.0 mmol H2O m–2 s–1) for both tree size classes at all sites.
Measurable nighttime gs has also been reported in other conifers, but the values we observed were higher. In June, nighttime ozone (O3) uptake accounted for 9, 5 and 3% of the total daily O3 uptake of pole-sized trees from west to east across the San Bernardino Mountains.
In late summer, O3 uptake at night was < 2% of diel uptake at all sites. Nocturnal O3 uptake may contribute to greater oxidant injury development, especially in pole-sized trees in early summer.
Sanyal P., Bhattacharya U., Bandyopadhyay S. K. (2008)
in Modeling & Simulation,, 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia – DOI: 10.1109/AMS.2008.81
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4530593/?reload=true
Abstract:
https://www.bu.edu/biology/people/profiles/graham-dow/
My lab uses stomata as a multidisciplinary tool to understand the dynamic relationship between plants, local environments, and climate. Stomata are microscopic pores on the leaf surface that facilitate the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, but as a corollary, stomata also release water vapor from the plant interior. Thus, stomata are important regulators of plant productivity; ecosystem energy cycles in forests, grasslands, and agricultural systems; and global changes in carbon dioxide concentration that can drive climate change.
We focus on these topics through a variety of approaches, including the following: (i) molecular biology, genetics, and genomic methods to dissect how developmental pathways determine the quantity and position of stomata on the leaf surface; (ii) measuring the outcome of changes in stomatal development on leaf anatomy, plant physiology, growth, and environmental responses; and (iii) field studies of different plant species and habitats that test hypothesis we have generated in the lab and greenhouse.
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Photo credit: Chemical Communications
Ziadi A., Uchida N., Kato H., Hisamatsu R., Sato A., Hagihara S., Itami K., Torii K. U. (2017)
in Chemical Communications 69 (2017) – DOI: 10.1039/C7CC04526C
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cc/c7cc04526c#!divAbstract
Abstract
The increasing climate changes and global warming are leading to colossal agricultural problems such as abatement of food production and quality.
As stomatal development is considered to play a key role in crop plant productivity and water-use efficiency, studying stomatal development is useful for understanding the productivity of plant systems for both natural and agricultural systems.
Herein, we report the first-in-class synthetic small molecules enhancing the number of stomata in Arabidopsis thaliana that have been discovered by screening of the chemical library and further optimized by the Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation reaction.
The present study shows not only huge potential of small molecules to control the cellular and developmental processes of stomata without using genetically modified plants, but also the power of C–H functionalization chemistry to rapidly identify the optimized compounds.
Photo credit: Global Engage
by Caligaris F. (2017)
Fabio Caligaris,
in Global Engage (blog) – Feb. 2017
Plant pests, together with abiotic stresses like drought, salinity and changes in temperature contribute to a constant loss in plant crops each year. Wound sites and stomata, represent the main entry pathogen sites. Pathogens can also invade plant tissues via direct penetration of both roots and leaves. Once epidermal cells are affected, the infection can be extended also to the surrounding cells. Bacteria, in general, have chemo-perception systems that allow them to detect the opening of stomata during gaseous and water exchanges. Hence, a pathogen to be successful in stomatal infection must overcome their closure or re-activate their reopening [1].
For instance, pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, can trigger the re-opening of stomata via the secretion of a chemical effector called coronatine (COR), which reverse PAMP triggered stomatal closure. Other types of pathogen like the fungus Fusicoccum amylgdale, produces another pathogenic protein called fusicoccin, which activates proton pumps causing stomatal opening. There is also a 22-amino acid sequence of the plant pathogen elicitor flagellin, known as flg22, which can initiate a complex signalling network regulating the exchange of K+ by changing the volume of the surrounding guard cells [2].
Yet, stomata are not the unique ways in which pathogens can penetrate plant tissues. Parasites, such as the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis reaches the mesophyll cells through the epidermis after infecting and breaking through wounds in the host pavement cells [1]. At the mesophyll cells level, the pathogen initiates to grow feeding appendages, called haustoria, which penetrate the mesophyll cells. For this to occur, pathogens need to secrete particular enzymes which can degrade both the cell wall and cell membrane components.
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by Meidner H. (1968)
Hans Meidner
in Journal of Experimental Botany, 19(1): 146–151- https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/19.1.146
Abstract
It is concluded that blue light may promote stomatal opening by its effect on enzymes controlling the starch and soluble polysaccharide content of guard cells.
PLANT STOMATA ENCYCLOPEDIA 
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