Stomata in Polemoniales (dicots)

 

Taxonomic bearing of stomatal structure and development in some Polemoniales

by Patel R. C., Shenoy K. N., Inamdar J. A. (1982)

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 93, Issue 1-2, 1982, 99–118 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19820930113 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19820930113/full

Abstract

The structure and development of stomata in 27 genera and 53 species belonging to the families of the order Polemoniales are described.

Nine stomatal types noticed are: anomocytic, anisocytic, actinocytic, staurocytic, diacytic, paracytic, tetracytic, transitional between paracytic and diacytic and stomata with a single subsidiary cell.

Three modes of stomatal development observed are: mesogenous, perigenous and mesoperigenous.

Stomatal abnormalities seen are: stomata with a single guard cell, arrested development and variously oriented contiguous stomata. The stomata varies in form, number, orientation and arrangement of the subsidiary and also the surrounding cells in different organs of a plant.

On the basis of stomatal studies, the splitting of Polemoniales into Polemoniales Boraginales and Solanales is justified. The separation of Ehretiaceae from Boraginaceae is not justifiable.

Stomata in Verbenaceae (dicots)

 

Observations on the structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Verbenaceae with a note on their taxonomic significance

by Mathew L., Shah G. L. (1981)

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 92, Issue 7-8, 1981, 515–526- DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19810920704 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19810920704/full

Abstract

The structure and development of stomata on the leaves of 35 species of Verbenaceae are described.

Mature stomata are anomocytic, haplocytic, transitional between paracytic and diacytic, paracytic, diacytic, anisocytic, tetracytic, tricytic, cyclocytic and bipolar. The different types occur in different combinations even on the same surface. In all there are 24 combinations. Inspite of the diversity the most frequent type is anomocytic in Callicarpa macrophylla, Citharexylum, Duranta, Holmskioldia, Premna (except Pr. latifolia), Priva, Stachytarpheta indica (ab),Tectona, Verbena (except adaxial surface of V. indica, V. officinalis, V. stricta), diacytic in Avicennia, C. tomentosa, Petrea, Phyla, Pr. latifolia, S. mutabilis and adaxial surface of S. indica and anisocytic inBouchea and adaxial surface of V, incisa, V. officinalis and V. stricta.

A few variations in basic stomatal morphology encountered are

(i) stomata with common subsidiary cells,

(ii) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells by wall formation or the neighbouring perigenes assuming their shapes,

(iii) unusual type of anisocytic stoma and completely amphicyclic anisocytic stoma,

(iv) juxtaposed, superposed, at right angles or obliquely oriented contiguous stomata,

(v) a stoma with unequal guard cell, one guard cell, epidermal cell like guard cells and only with pore.

Stomata with subsidiary cells are mesogenous but a few diacytic and anisocytic ones are mesoperigenous. The anomocytic and cyclocytic are perigenous. Ontogeny of tetracytic and bipolar is not traced.

The taxonomic importance of stomatal morphology as an aid to delineate genera and species within a genus is also indicated.

Stomata in Caesalpiniaceae (dicots)

 

Observations on the cotyledonary and hypocotyledonary stomata and trichomes in some Caesalpiniaceae with a note on their taxonomic significance

by Reddy P. K. R., Shah G. L. (1979)

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 90, Issue 4, 1979, 239–250 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19790900405 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19790900405/full

Abstract

The structure and ontogeny of stomata on cotyledons and hypocotyls and the trichomes on hypocotyl are accounted for in eighteen species of Caesalpiniaceae.

Trichomes are eglandular, bi- rarely tri-celled, smooth walled or walls wavy with cuticular striations or tubercles.

Anomocytic, haplocytic, paracytic, diacytic, transitional, tetracytic, tricytic and cyclocytic stomata occur in different combinations even on the same surface of the cotyledon. In all, there are fourteen combinations. Inspite of the diversity, the most frequent type is anomocytic in most of the species and paracytic in some species of Cassia and Delonix (abaxial) but rarely it is haplocytic or anisocytic.

In hypocotyls it is anomocytic. Ontogenetically anomocytic, tetracytic and cyclocytic stomata are perigenous, whereas other types are mesogenous or mesoperigenous.

There is an increase in the number of subsidiary cells by their division or the neighbouring perigenes assuming their shapes. About eight such types are described. A pair of stomata has a common subsidiary cell. Twelve types of guard cell and stomatal approximation abnormalities are described.

A range in the number, size and shape of the nuclei in guard cell are recorded. Megastomata (giant stomata) are observed in Parkinsonia and Tamarindus.

The taxonomic significance of the stomata is also discussed.

 

Stomata in Centrospermae (dicots)

 

Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Centrospermae

by Inamdar J. A., Gandadhara M., Morge P. G., Patel R.M. (1977)

in Feddes Repert. 88: 465-475. (1969) – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19770880707 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19770880707/full

Abstract

The present paper deals with the epidermal structure, structure and ontogeny of stomata in 25 species of the Centrospermae.

The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric or elongated in various directions with thick, either straight or arched or sinuous anticlinical walls. Simple uniseriate trichomes with terminal capitate cell, capitate eglandular, unicellular spiny, cylindrical and simple unicellular trichomes are noticed.

Anomocytic, paracytic, diacytic, anisocytic, transitional type between paracytic and diacytic, and stoma with a single subsidiary cell are the stomatal types observed.

Abnormalities such as single guard cells, degeneration of guard cells, arrested developments and cytoplasmic connections between adjacent stomata are observed.

The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata is perigenous, that of stoma with a single subsidiary cell is mesogenous, of paracytic, diacytic and transitional between paracytic and diacytic stomata is either mesogenous or mesoperigenous, while that of anisocytic stomata is mesoperigenous. Diacytic and paracytic stomata are structurally similar but have dissimilar ontogeny.

Division of the Centrospermae into four suborders is justified.

Stomata in Capparidaceae (dicots)

 

Structure, ontogeny and taxonomic significance of trichomes and stomata in some Capparidaceae

by Aleykutty K. M. Sr. Avita, Inamdar J. A. (1978)

Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 89, Issue 1, 1978, 19–30 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19780890104 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19780890104/full

Abstract

The present work embodies epidermal structure, structure and ontogeny of stomata in five genera embracing sixteen species of the Capparidaceae namely Cleome (8 species) Capparis (5 species), Cadaba (1 species), Crataeva (1 species) and Maerua (1 species).

The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric or elongated arranged irregularly, with evenly or unevenly thickened, sinuous, straight or arched anticlinal walls. Two main types of trichomes: glandular (four types) and eglandular (five types) are noticed.

The stomatal types include cyclocytic, triacytic, staurocytic, tetracytic, anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic and with a single subsidiary cell.

The ontogeny of stomata with a single subsidiary cell is perigenous or mesoperigenous, of paracytic mesoperigenous or mesogenous, of anisocytic is mesoperigenous or mesogenous, while that of the other types is perigenous.

Abnormalities observed are: single guard cell; aborted guard cells; complete or incomplete division of guard cells; contiguous stomata; giant stomata and cytoplasmic connections.

The present observations do not support the separation of Cleomaceae from the Capparidaceae.

Stomata in Buddlejaceae (dicots)

 

Structure and development of stomata in some Buddlejaceae

by Patel R. C., George G., Inamdar J. A. (1981)

Sardar Patel University, Gujarat – India

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 92, Issue 7-8, 1981, 527–534 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19810920705 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19810920705/full

Abstract

The organs investigated may be hypo- or amphi-stomatic. The epidermal cells are either polygonal, isodiametric or elongated and irregular with mostly straight, occasionally arched and rarely sinuous anticlinal walls. The epidermal cells may be arranged either uniformly or in vertical rows or without any definite pattern.

The mature stomata are either anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, with a single subsidiary cell or transitional between paracytic and diacytic.

Arrested development and cytoplasmic connections between adjacent stomata are also observed.

The development of anomocytic type is haplocheilic or perigenous while that of the other types is syndetocheilic or mesogenous.

Taxonomic significance is also discussed.

Stomata in Gentianaceae and Menyanthaceae

 

Structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Gentianaceae and Menyanthaceae complex

by Patel R. C., Inamdar J. A., Rao N. V. (1981)

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 92, Issue 7-8, 1981, 535–550 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19810920706

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19810920706/full

Abstract

The structure and development of stomata are described in the leaves of 8 genera and 12 species of the Gentianaceae-Menyanthaceae complex. Out of the twelve species studied vegetative and floral organs are investigated in five.

The epidermal cells are either squarish, rectangular or polygonal and isodiametric or elongated or irregular in outline.

In Gentianaceae the mature stomata are anomocytic, actinocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic and stoma with a single subsidiary cell. While they are mostly anomocytic very rarely actinocytic and paracytic in Menyanthaceae.

In Gentianaceae the ontogeny of anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic and stoma with a single subsidiary cell is mesogenous, while that of anomocytic and actinocytic perigenous. Anomocytic, actinocytic and paracytic stomata of Nymphoides indica conforms to the perigenous type of development.

Abnormalities such as arrested development; cytoplasmic connection between adjacent stomata; single guard cell; contiguous stomata and division of one or both the guard cells of a stoma are noticed. Guard cells of Exacum pedunculatum contain needle like crystals of calcium oxalate.

The present observations support the separation of the Gentianaceae and Menyanthaceae.

Stomata in Apocynaceae (dicots)

 

Structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of some Apocynaceae

by Inamdar J. A., Patel R. C., Mohan J. S. S. (1991)

Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India

in Feddes Repertorium Volume 102, Issue 5-6, 1991 , 409–423 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19911020515 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19911020515/full

Abstract

The organs investigated are either hypo-, amphi- or astomatic. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric or elongated with thick straight, arched, sinuous or articulated anticlinal walls. The epidermal cells are septate in the stem of Catharanthus pusillus. Cuticle is papillate or striated. Epidermal cells of the ovary of Thevetia peruviana have minimum length and breadth.

Stomata are mostly distributed in between the veins either close to each other or widely separated from each other. The orientation of stomata may either in any direction or parallel to and in the direction of long axes of the organs. The mature stomata are paracytic, anomocytic, anisocytic or with a single subsidiary cell.

In the foliar organs great majority of the stomata are paracytic while in the other organs, the percentage of anomocytic stomata is greater.

The special features noticed are: arrested development, cytoplasmic connection between near- by stomata and contiguous stomata.

The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata is haplocheilic or perigeneous, that of paracytic and with a single subsidiary cell syndetochelic or mesogenous while that of anisocytic haplo-syndetocheilic or mesoperigenous.

Stomata in Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae)

 

Features of foliar epidermis and stomata in eight species of Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae)

by Mohan A. Ch., Raju V. S. (1991)

in Feddes Repert. : Volume 102, Issue 7-8, 1991, 601–606 – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19911020710 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.19911020710/full

Abstract

The features of mature foliar epidermis and stomata are described in eight species of Alternanthera. They showed diversity as regards the size of the epidermal cells and the nature of anticlinal walls; the stomatal size, frequency, index and basic type also varied.

The epidermal cells are generally polygonal or irregular in outline while the anticlinal walls are usually sinuous, occasionally undulate or arched.

The stomatal size varied from 20.3 × 13.6 μm (A. bettzichiana) to 37.4 × 18.8 μm (A. philoxeroides). Rather unusually, within the eight taxa examined, the genus showed as many as three basic stomatal types, namely, diacytic, paracytic and anisocytic.

Stomata in Amaranthaceae (dicots)

 

Comparative foliar epidermal morphology of the West African Species of Amaranthaceae Juss.

by Ogundipe O. T., Kadiri A. B. (2013)

in Feddes Repertorium, 123(2): 97-116. – DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201100003 – 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.201100003/abstract

Abstract

The species are generally amphistomatic except Pandiaka heudelotii that is hypostomatic.

Anomocytic and paracytic stomatal types were mostly found but cyclocytic and diacytic types may accompany, especially in Cyathula spp.

The anticlinal wall pattern varies from undulate to curved and curved-straight in the family.

Other useful epidermal features are peltate scales, trichomes of different types such as candelabra type, unicellular and multicellular conical types, long acicular glandular forms that may be tuberculate or non-tuberculate and the filiform type; all can be employed at species level for delimitation purpose.

Sub-familial grouping of the genera is supported while monophyly and polyphyly suggested in Gomphrenoideae and Amarantheae respectively can be inferred from the extent of character variations in the species.

An indented dichotomous key is presented for species delimitation.