Stomata in Apocynaceae-Part I

 

Epidermis and venation studies in Apocynaceae-I.

by Chandra V., Kapoor S. L., Sharma P. C., Kapoor L. D. (1969)

• National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow, India

in Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 11: 286-289. – DOI: 10.20324/nelumbo/v14/1972/75249 – 

http://www.nelumbo-bsi.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/75249

Abstract

Epidermal characters and venation pattern of the leaves of eight species of Apocynaceae, viz. Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch, Allamanda violacea Gardn., Carissa grandiflora A.DC., Catharanthus pusillus (Murr.) G. Don, Ichnocarpus frutescens R.Br., Kopsia fruticosa A .DC., Strophanthus hispidus DC., andTrachelospermum jasminoides Lem. have been studied.

Stomata in hard woods

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Asimina triloba

Stomatal distribution and size in southern Appalachian hard woods.

by Carpenter S. B., Smith N. D. (1975)

Stanley B. Carpenter, Naomi D. Smith

in Canad.J.Bot. 53, 1153-1156. – 10.1139/b75-137 –

http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/b75-137

Abstract

In 1972 and 1973 a scanning electron microscope was used to study stomata and cuticular surfaces of shade leaves collected from trees growing in the mountain and eastern coalfield region of Kentucky.

Stomatal frequency and size determinations are presented for about 50 southern Appalachian forest species. Stomata varied from 6534/cm² in Asimina triloba to 90 909/cm² in Quercus palustris.

Mesic species had fewer stomata per unit leaf surface area than xeric species.

Stomatal frequency was not related to shade tolerance. The largest stomata (35 microns (μ)) were found in Populus gileadensis while the smallest (5μ) occurred in Quercus coccinea.

Stomata in Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae

 

The phylogenetic significance of stomata and trichomes in the Labiatae and Verbenaceae.

by Cantino P. D. (1990)

Philip D. Cantino 

in J. Arnold Arbor. 71. 323-370. –

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43782250?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Peristomatal protuberances in Vitis (dicots)

Structure and elemental composition of grape berry stomata.

by Blanke M. M., Pring R. J., Baker E. A. (1999)

in J. Pl. Physiol. 154. 477-481. – SEM, cryo-sem, EDX analysis. Vitis. –

http://eurekamag.com/research/003/282/003282508.php

Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) of the surface of fruits of grapes Muller-Thurgau, Riesling, Reichensteiner and Ehrenfelser showed that peristomatal protuberances of up to 200 micro m diameter developed 2 weeks after anthesis and consisted of small, compact cells of 10-15 micro m length. These cells were distinctly different from the typically larger cells (30-40 micro m) in the epidermis, hypodermis and outer fruit pericarp.

https://www.academia.edu/23202809/Structure_and_Elemental_Compositon_of_Grape_Berry_Stomata

Stomata in Heliotropium supinum (dicots)

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Heliotropium_supinum.jpg

Foliar Epidermal Studies of Heliotropium supinum L.

by Bhatia R. C. (1984)

Bhatia Ramesh C.

in Folia Geobotanica Phytotaxon. (19):381-385. –

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4180543?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Abstract

Heliotropium supinum L. is anamphistomatic, amphitrichomic and xeromorphic species.

The stomata are anomocytic and their distribution is of potato type. The entire aerial surface of the plant is hairy. The frequency of stomata and hairs is high.

The configurations of epidermal cells are straight and highly sinuous on upper and lower surfaces respectively.

The stomatal frequency, absolute stomatal number and stomatal index are higher on the lower surface and significantly vary in plants from different sources.

The variations in stomatal index on either surface are narrow but the ratio of stomatal indices between the two surfaces is uniform, hence it may be used for taxonomic purposes.

Internal Stomata in fruits

 

Internal Stomata in Ericaceous and Other Unrelated Fruits

by Bergman H. F. (1920)

in Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club – Vol. 47, No. 5 (May, 1920), pp. 213-221 –

http://archive.org/stream/jstor-2480153/2480153_djvu.txt

Stomata in Catharanthus

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Catharanthus roseus

Stomatal diversities in Catharanthus roseus (L. ) G. Don – some additional information.

by Baruah A., Nath S. C. (1996)

Akhil Ranjan Baruah,

Suthan C. Nath

in Phytomorphology. 46. 365-369. 23 – stomatal types recorded. No SEMs. –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283473396_Stomatal_diversities_in_Catharanthus_roseus_L_G_Don_-_Some_additional_information

Abstract

A total of twenty three stomatal types has been recorded in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Syn. Vinca rosea L., a member of the family Apocynaceae.

Amongst them, fourteen types are new to the species, nine to the family and two, named as “Axillodicytic” and “Giant Axillodicytic” to the plant kingdom, which might have been formed as a result of abnormal ontogeny.

Two types of pole to pole contiguous stomata previously considered as one have also been characterized separately in this investigation. The most frequent type is, however, the anomocytic with 3-4 adjacent epidermal cells.

Stomata and systematic relationships of the Magnoliaceae

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Manglietia: This rare tropical and stunning member of the Magnolia family is evergreen tree getting between 25-30 feet and 10′ to 15′ wide.

Systematic anatomy of the leaf epidermis in the Magnoliaceae and some related families

by Baranova M. (1972)

Margarita Baranova

in Taxon 21: 447-469.- DOI: 10.2307/1219106 –

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1219106?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Stomatal types in Icacinaceae

 

Stomatal types in Icacinaceae additional observations on genera outside Malesia

by Baas P. (1974)

Pieter Baas  Nationaal Herbarium Nederland

in Acta Botanica Neerlandica, Volume 23, Issue 3,193–200, June 1974. – 

http://natuurtijdschriften.nl/download?type=document&docid=540005

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1974.tb00936.x/abstract

Summary

The stomatal types of most Icacinaceous genera (28) outside Malesia are reported for a limited number of species.

In addition to the stomatal types recognized in Malesian Icacinaceae in an earlier paper, complex cyclocytic stomata are recorded in some genera, notably Leretia, for the first time.

A fairly comprehensive survey of the genus Citronella indicates some trends of differentiation between the Asiatic and Pacific species and the American and Australian species. The results are further discussed with reference to previous hypotheses on level of specialization and stomatal types.

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4.1. Taxonomic aspects

The stomatal type alone does not provide sufficient arguments for taxonomic discussions on or above the genus level in a family like the Icacinaceae, in which the diversity is so great and in which intermediatetypes occur in a considerable numberof genera. Within the genusCitronellathere is, however, an interesting diversity, partly correlated with the subdivision into two sections proposed by Howard (1942). Howard recognized section Eucitronella consisting of New World species and section Eucharissia consisting ofOld World species. Sleumer (1971) challenged this subdivision because the distinguishing characters are “rathervague or do not hold” (l.c., p. 4). Of section Eucitronella I studied all species except C. melliodoraand C. ilicifolia. In most species the stomata are Material studied Specialization level Stomatal type(s) Notes Metteniusa nucifera (Pittier)Sleum. I Venezuela, Steyermark 95924 anomocytic to cyclocytic neighbouring/subsidiary cells not submersed Oecopetalum mexicanum Greenm. & Thomps. Mexico, Matuda 2437 (K.) I cyclocytic subsidiary cells partly submersed Ottoschulzia cubensis (Wright) Urban Cuba, Ekman 7425 (K) I cyclocytic to complex cyclocytic subsidiary cells notor hardly submersed Pleurisanthes parviflora (Ducke) Howard Brazil,Krukoff 6954 (U) m cyclocytic subsidiary cells partly submersed PolycephaliumpoggeiEngl. Zaire, Louis 6682 in anomocytic to cyclocytic neighbouring/subsidiary cells not submersed Poraqueibaguianensis Aublet French Guiana, Oldeman B 675 I anomocytic to cyclocytic neighbouring/subsidiary cells not submersed P.paraensis Ducke Brazil, Burchell 9590 I anomocytic to cyclocytic neighbouring/subsidiary cells not submersed Raphiostylis beninensis (Hook f.) Planch. Zaire, Louis9524 in cyclocytic to complex cyclocytic subsidiary cells not or hardly submersed R.ferruginea Engl. Cameroons,Zenker 2978 in cyclocytic to complex cyclocytic subsidiary cells not or hardly submersed Stachyanthus zenkeri Engl. Cameroons,Zenker 1093 hi cyclocytic subsidiary cells partly submersed 198 P. BAAS cyclocytic, with the exception of C. megaphylla in which a majority is paracytic with frequent subdivisions perpendicular to the pore in the subsidiary cells, often resulting in a cyclocytic appearance. Of section Eucharissia all species have now been studied (see also van Staveren & Baas), and in 7 of the 9 species the stomata are paracytic with occasional to fairly frequent subdivisionsparallel to the pore (however, much less frequent than in C. megaphylla), and only in the two species from Australia, C. moorei and C. smythii. the stomata are mainly anomo- to cyclocytic with only few paracytic ones. So, the stomatal type does not absolutely support Howard’s subdivision of the genus, but certainly indicates a trend of infrageneric differentiation into three groups of species; American, Australian, and Malesian and Pacific species.

Stomata in Lagenaria (Cucurbitaceae)

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Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.

Taxonomic relationships in Lagenaria seringe (Cucurbitaceae) based on foliar epidermal morphology.

by Kadiri A. B., Utubor D.,  Ogundipe O. T. (2013)

Akeem Babalola KADIRI, 

Dumkele UTUBOR,

Oluwatoyin Temitayo OGUNDIPE 

–  – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 23 (1): 47-59. – ISSN 1210-0420. – http://www.bz.upjs.sk/thaiszia – 

https://www.upjs.sk/public/media/9724/047-059-kadiri-et-al-upr.pdf 

Abstract:

The genus possesses a suite of leaf epidermal characteristics which reflect the affinities among the species. The most generic constant features are anomocytic stomatal type and undulate anticlinal wall pattern on the abaxial surface.

Whereas the species distinguishing features include paracytic stomata which were recorded only in L. breviflora, hypostomatic leaf distinguishes L. abyssinica and L. rufa from other species that are amphistomatic, uniform epidermal cell shape on both surfaces of the leaf differentiates L. guineensis and L. siceraria from other species that have dissimilar patterns on the surfaces.

Other features are possession of globular head trichome in L. siceraria, imperfect conical trichome in L. abyssinica and bicellular glandular conical trichome in L. sphaerica.

Quantitatively, epidermal cells number generally varies from 28/mm² in L. vulgaris to 112/mm² in L. breviflora on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces respectively while stomatal number varies from 2-20/mm² and stomatal index is between 2.2 – 34.9 % on the adaxial surface and 8.2 – 20.8 % on the abaxial surface.

Based on these features, two main groups and subgroups are proposed based on neighbour joining cluster derived from Euclidean similarity measure. Also, an indented dichotomous key is presented for species delimitation.