Category: DICOTS

Stomata in Glycyrrhiza (dicots)

Photo credit: Google

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic significance in Glycyrrhiza.

by Lu J., Li X., Zhou L., Wu L. (2005)

Lu Jiahui , Li Xueyu , Zhou Lingling , Wu Ling

College of Life Science,Shihezi University.Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang;China

in Plant Div. and Reso. (ABY) 27: 525-533. –

http://europepmc.org/abstract/cba/599556

Abstract

The leaf epidermal characters of 10 species,1 variety (16 samples) in different series of the genus Glycyrrhiza are observed with the light microscope under the conditions of epidermal maceration and paraffin section.
The stomatal size,density and index were measured and counted.The results show that the shape of leaf epidermal cells are polygonal or irregular,and the anticlinal walls are straight,sinuate or sinuolate.
The stomatal apparatuses can be divided into 6 types, most of them are anomocytic, anisocytic and brach paracytic, only one species usually has two to three types of stomatal apparatuses.
Trichomes can be divided into two groups, simple trichomes and scales.
These characters have some regularity in subdivision of the genus and supraspecific taxon, some differences were also found among species. Therefore these characters are much of signification in identification to subdivision of the genus, and also provide evidence for studies on systematic relationships of several taxons in genus.

 

Stomata in Lonicera (dicots)

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Lonicera confusa (Sweet) DC. 華南忍冬, 山銀花 2

Leaf epidermal characters of Lonicera japonica and Lonicera confuse and their ecology adaptation.

by Li Q., Yu L., Deng Y., Li W., Li M., Cao J.. (2007)

in J. For. Res. , 18(2): 103-108. – DOI: 10.1007/s11676-007-0020-1 –

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-007-0020-1

Abstract

The leaf epidermis of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Wild Honeysuckle (Lonicera confusa) in the genus of Flos Lonicerae were mainly observed by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) to study the characteristics of stomata, trichomes and dermal cell, etc..

The results showed that a stoma exists only on the lower epidermis and its distribution is irregular, and leaf epidermis consist of epidermis cells, stoma complexes and bushy trichomes including glandular hair and non-glandular hair.

On the upper epidermis, anticlinal wall caves in sinuous groove to countercheck the transpiration. Evidences from leaf morphological structures serve as another proof on drought-resistant mechanisms. Some strumaes distributing regularly are hypothesized as oxalic calcium on the lower epidermis under laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) with Fluo-3/AM, which can increase their endurance to drought stress.

Therefore, the above characteristics of Flos Lonicerae can reduce the loss of water and make Japanese honeysuckle and Wild Honeysuckle adapt to the droughty environment at Karst area in southwest China.

However, there is some difference of the two species. From the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) result, it is shown that on the upper epidermis, some glandular hair regularly present along the midrib of Japanese honeysuckle, but Wild Honeysuckle has no glandular hair on the upper epidermis, which can verify the relationships of Flos Lonicerae species and provide the significance for classification of Flos Lonicerae.

 

Stomata in Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae)

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Ipomoea horsfalliae, Prince’s Vine

Structure, distribution, development and taxonomic importance of stomata in some Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) 

Leela M., Rao S. R. S.(1996)

Leela M., Raja Shanmukha Rao

in Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 68: 329-342. –

http://eurekamag.com/research/002/966/002966565.php

Abstract

The structure, organographic distribution and taxonomic importance of stomata in 17 species and foliar stomatogenesis in 11 species of Ipomoea were studied.

The stomata were mostly paracytic, with anisocytic, anomocytic and brachyparacytic types being less frequent. All the species showed >1 stomatal type, except for I. horsfalliae and I. nil which possessed only paracytic stomata.

The presence of dominant, as well as codominant, stomatal types was a taxonomically important trait.

Stomata in Passiflora (dicots)

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Passiflora edulis

The Distribution of Stomata of Passiflora edulis

Kurita K. (1967-1968)

Kyoichi KURITA

in  Japanese J. Trop. Agri. 11, 19-24.- http://doi.org/10.11248/jsta1957.11.19

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsta1957/11/1-2/11_1-2_19/_article

Abstract
(1) Passiflora edulis (purple flower variety) has stomata on the epidermis of hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, stem-tendril, stem and epicarp, but there is no stoma on the upper face of leaf and on leaf-veins.
(2) The structure of stoma of P. edulis belongs to second-type consisting of two kidney-shape guard cells. Auxiliary cells of stoma on hypocotyl, cotyledon and lamina are same in size and shape of epidermal cells of each part, but on petiole and stem those are smaller than surrounding epidermal cells of each correspondent part, and on stem-tendril two types mentioned above exist together. On epicarp, auxiliary cells are usually 6 and same size as small as epidermal cells of epicarp.
(3) Distribution of stomata on hypocotyl, cotyledon, lamina, stem, stem-tendril and epicarp are uniform, but on petiole it is not so, as density of distribution on apical part is larger than that of basal part and that of lower face of petiole is larger than that of upper face. On stem, one year old stem has uniform distribution of stomata but on the stems older then two years distribution of stomata is unequal as there is maldistribution of epidermis as the result of periderm formation.
(4) Stomata on lamina and epicarp are arranged at random directions, but on cotyledon, petiole, hypocotyl, stem and stem-tendril directions of arrangement are fixed, that is, on cotyledon stomata are arranged paralleling to longitudinal axis of cotyledon and on petiole, hypocotyl, stem and epicarp stomata are arranged paralleling to vascular bundle.
(5) Density of distribution of stomata gets smaller in order of lamina, lower face of cotyledon, upper face of the same, stem of one year old, hypocotyl, stem-tendril, epicarp and petiole, and numbers of stomata in 1 square millimetre corresponding to each part mentioned above are 352.2, 188.0, 55.2, 44.8, 27.2, 20.0, 15, 1 and (3-5) respectively.
(6) Periderm formation caused by growth in thickness of stem develops locally and partially and epidermis does not fall down, so even on stems older than six years epidermis exists in living and stomata also exist yet not losing function. But, as periderm-formation proceeds more and more stomata are gradually destroyed mechanically.
(7) The size of stoma varies according to the organ or part on which stomata exist. As growth in thickness of stem advances size of stoma on stem becomes larger gradually.

 

 

Stomata in Cassia (Caesalpiniaceae)

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Cassia siamea – Kassod Tree

Epidermal micromorphology of some Cassia L. (Caesalpiniaceae).

by Kotresha S. K., Seetharam Y. N. (2000)

Kotresha Sekharappa Katrahalli kotresha_katrahalli2

Karnatak Science College, Dhar…, Hubli · Botany

Y N Seetharam

in Phytomorphology 50(3&4): 229-237. –

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293529470_Epidermal_micromorphology_of_some_species_of_Cassia_L_Caesalpiniaceae

Abstract
The present study on 19 species of Cassia L. (Caesalpiniaceae) found in Karnataka state were studied and compared. These species are either hypostomatic or amphistomatic and possess paracytic, anisocytic, tetracytic and anomocytic type of stomata.
The last type is confined to abaxial surface of C. javanica and C. siamea.
The trichomes are uni- or multicellular.
The epidermal cells are isodiametric or polygonal or anisodiametric with straight, wavy and sinuate walls; the last type is confined to C. occidentalis.
Stomatal index is highest in C. hirsuta.
A key based on epidermal characters is provided for the identification of Cassia species.

Stomata in Pelargonium and Sedum

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Pelargonium zonale

Sedum-stahlii-Mexican-Sedum2
Sedum stahlii – Mexican Sedum – http://worldofsucculents.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Sedum-stahlii-Mexican-Sedum2.jpg

Arrangement of stomata on the leaves of Pelargonium zonale and Sedum stablii

by Korn R. W. (1972)

Bellarmine College, Louisville, USA

in Ann. Bot. 36: 325-333. –

http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/2/325.abstract

Screen Shot 2017-03-25 at 18.11.49

Abstract

Stomata of Pelargonium zonale are orderly arranged on the surface of the lower epidermis. Inter-stomatal and Inter-trichome distances as well as the number of sides of stomata, epidermal cells adjacent to stomata, and regular cells of the epidermis have characteristic probability distributions.

Screen Shot 2017-03-25 at 18.14.40

A model of epidermal development is constructed based upon the quantitative features of each type of cell. The primary restriction of the model is that stoma initials inhibit adjacent cells from becoming stoma initials.

Screen Shot 2017-03-25 at 18.18.06

A second type of stomatal arrangement occurs in Sedum stahlii and an appropriate model for the ontogeny of epidermal cells in this plant can also be constructed that has similar quantitative characteristics to those of real fields of cells.

The application of modelling in plant morphology is discussed with respect to understanding ontogeny and phylogenic relationships.

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Stomata in Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae Juss.)

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Heliotropium longiflorum

Macro and Micromorphological Studies on Seven Species of Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in South West of Saudi Arabia

by Kasem W. T. (2015)

Wael Taha Kasem

in American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2015, 6, 1370-1377 – http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.69136 –

http://file.scirp.org/pdf/AJPS_2015060915581150.pdf

Abstract

Genus Heliotropium L. (Heliotropiaceae) in south west of Saudi Arabia has been studied; seven species of H. arbainense Fresen, H. longiflorum (D.C.) Jauber & Spach, H. petrocarpum Hockst & Steud, H. strigosium Willd, H. zeylanicum Lam., H. jizanense Al-Turki and H. lasiocarpum Fisch were collected, recognized, typed and nomenclatured.

The most valuable characters were those of macro and distinct micromorphological data such as stomata, hairs, pollen grains and stem anatomy.

Light microscopy has been used in these studies. From the obtained results, trichomes and pollen grains data in addition to stem anatomy indicated good taxonomic tools to differentiate between species of this genus.

Different traditional measurements were strikingly also helpful for the discrimination of species. H. longiflorum was characterized by distinctive data such as prominent anatomical information, P/E (1.8 µm) in addition to presence of spindle hair which in turn can be separated as a taxonomic level.

Also, the results revealed a complete affinity between the two species of H. jizanense and H. lasiocarpum.

An artificial key is provided for the differentiation between the studied species.

See Fig. 1: . Photographical images of epidermal cells showing the stomata types (x = 400). (a) H. arbainense (anisocytic); (b) H. longiflorum (paracytic); (c) H. petrocarpum (anomocytic); (d) H. strigosium (anomocytic); (e) H. zeylanicum (anomocytic); (f) H. jizanense (anisocytic); (g) H. lasiocarpum (anisocytic). 

Epidermis and venation studies in Apocynaceae-Part II.

 

 

Epidermis and venation studies in Apocynaceae-II.

by Kapoor S. L., Sharma P. C., Chandra V., Kapoor L. D. (1970)

  • National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow, India

in Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 11:372-376. – DOI: 10.20324/nelumbo/v11/1969/76004

http://www.nelumbo-bsi.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/76004

Abstract

Epidermal characters and venation pattern of the leaves of nine species of Apocynaceae, viz. Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd (A. venenata G. Don), Allamanda cathartica Linn. (2 cultivars), Alstonia scholaris R. Br., Carissa carandas Linn., Cerbera manghas Linn., Ervatamia coronaria Stapf (2 cultivars-single and double flower forms), Mascarenhasia variegata Britt. & Renole (M. elastica K. Schum.), Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum. and Wrightia coccinea Sims., have been described.

Stomata in Apocynaceae-Part III

 

 

Epidermis and venation studies in Apocynaceae-III.

by Sharma P. C., Chandra V., Kapoor S. L., Kapoor L. D. (1970)

  • National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow, India

in Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 12:92-96 –DOI: 10.20324/nelumbo/v12/1970/75816

http://www.nelumbo-bsi.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/75816

Abstract

Epidermal characters and venation pattern of the leaves of ten species of Apocynaceae, viz., Aganosma caryophyllata (Roxb. ex Sims.) G. Don, Beaumontia grandiflora Wight, Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) Don,Rawolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz, R. tetraphylla Linn., Roupellia grata Wall. ex Hook., Strophanthus divaricatus Wall., S. wallichii A. DC., Vallaris solanacea O. Ktze. and Voacanga grandifolia Rolfe have been described.

Stomata in Apocynaceae-Part IV

 

Epidermis and venation studies in Apocynaceae-IV.

by Chandra V., Mitra R., Kapoor S. L., Kapoor L. D. (1972)

  • National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow, India

in Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 14: 76-82. – DOI: 10.20324/nelumbo/v11/1969/75921 – 

http://www.nelumbo-bsi.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/75921

Abstract

Epidermal characters and venation pattern of the leaves of six. arboreal species of Apocynaceae, viz.,Alstonia macrophylla Wall, ex DC., Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall., Plumeria alba Linn., P. rubra Linn, forma acuminata Sant.&Irani ex Shah, Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. and W. tomentosa Roem.&Schult. have been described.