Stomatal Data of Late Pliocene Betulaceae Leaves

Figure 3. Examples of hand specimens and cuticles of Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney and Carpinus miofangiana Nathorst as used for stomatal and stable carbon isotope analysis. Th e white frames show the sampling sites for cuticular analysis. (a) Fossil leaf of B. mioluminifera, scale bar– 1 cm. (b) Fossil leaf of C. miofangiana, scale bar– 1 cm. (c) Lower epidermis of B. mioluminifera, scale bar– 100 μm. (d) Lower epidermis of C. miofangiana, scale bar- 100 μm.

Carbon Isotope and Stomatal Data of Late Pliocene Betulaceae Leaves from SW China: Implications for Palaeoatmospheric CO2 -levels

by Sun B.-N., Ding S.-T., Wu J.-Y., Dong C., Xie S., Lin Z.-C. ( 2012)

BAI-NIAN SUN 1 , SU-TING DING 1 , JING-YU WU 2 , CHONG DONG 3 , SANPING XIE 3 & ZHI-CHENG LIN 3

1 Lanzhou University, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China

2 Lanzhou University, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China

3 Lanzhou University, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

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in Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences (Turkish J. Earth Sci.), 21: 237–250 – doi:10.3906/yer-1003-42 –

http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/issues/yer-12-21-2/yer-21-2-4-1003-42.pdf

Abstract:

The cuticular δ13C values and stomatal parameters (stomatal density and stomatal index: SD and SI) of two Betulaceae species, Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney and Carpinus miofangiana Nathorst, from a suite of superposed horizons in West Yunnan, southwestern China, were measured in order to recover Late Pliocene CO2 levels.

Correlations are given for δ13C, SD, epidermal cell density (ECD), and SI. δ13C reveals a positive trend with the SD and SI in the two species, and such a positive correlation can also be observed between the δ13C and ECD in C. miofangiana. However, δ13C has a slightly negative correlation with the ECD in B. mioluminifera (R2 = 0.06), possibly influenced by their different genotypes.

Reflecting the changes through time, the δ13C values of B. mioluminifera and C. miofangiana significantly increase with high determination coefficients (R2 = 0.67 and R2 = 0.65, respectively), as do SD (R2 = 0.66 and R2 = 0.51, respectively) and SI (R2 = 0.50 and R2 = 0.79, respectively).

Research on extant B. luminifera and C. fangiana shows that the SD and especially SI, exhibit a prominent negative correlation with CO2 concentration. Pliocene CO2 levels are reconstructed as 381.5–439.4 ppmv and 377.8–472.3 ppmv, respectively, based on comparisons of the two fossil species with their nearest living equivalent (NLE) species.

The significant positive trends of the δ13C, SD and SI with ascending position of the fossils in the section indicate that the atmospheric CO2 levels declined in the Late Pliocene (3.30–2.83 Ma). Furthermore, the calculated CO2 levels are higher than in other studies and probably demonstrate that local CO2 enrichment can be caused by frequent volcanic eruptions over a long time scale.

Stomata in in some woody plants

Fig. 1. Stomatal photographs (40X) of leaf impressions of some studied species treated with chromic acid and nitric acid.

 

Leaf surface anatomy in some woody plants from Northeastern Mexico

by Maiti R., Gonzalez Rodriguez H., Rodriguez Balboa P. C., Marmolejo Moncivais J. G., Duenas Tijerina H. A., Gonzalez Dias J. C., Kumari A. (2016)

RATIKANTA MAITI 1 , HUMBERTO GONZÁLEZ RODRÍGUEZ 1* , PERLA CECILIA RODRÍGUEZ BALBOA 1 , JOSE GUADALUPE MARMOLEJO MONCIVAIS 1 , HAYDEE ALEJANDRA DUEÑAS TIJERINA 1 , JEFF CHRISTOFHER GONZÁLEZ DÍAZ 1 AND ARUNA KUMARI 2

1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Carr. Nac. No. 85 Km. 45, Linares, Nuevo León 67700, México.

2 Professor Jaya Shanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, AP 500030, India

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in Pak. J. Bot. 48(5): 1825-1831 –

https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/48(5)/09.pdf

Fig. 2. Stomatal photographs (40X) of leaf impressions of some studied species treated with xylene.

Abstract

Studies on leaf surface anatomy of woody plants and its significance are rare. The present study was undertaken in the Forest Science Faculty Experimental Research Station, UANL, Mexico, with objectives to determine the variability in leaf surface anatomy in the woody plants of the Tamaulipan thornscrub and its utility in taxonomy and possible adaptation to the prevailing semiarid conditions.

The results show the presence of large variability in several leaf anatomical traits viz., waxy leaf surface, type of stomata, its size, and distribution. The species have been classified on the basis of various traits which can be used in species delimitation and adaptation to the semiarid condition such as waxy leaf surface, absence sparse stomata on the leaf surface, sunken stomata.

The species identified as better adapters to semi-arid environments on the basis of the presence and absence of stomata on both adaxial and abaxial surface viz., Eysenhardtia texana, Parkinsonia texana, Gymnosperma glutinosum, Celtis laevigata, Condalia hookeri and Karwinskia humboldtiana.